Cover --
Half-title --
Title page --
Copyright information --
Contents --
List of Figures --
List of Tables --
List of Boxes --
List of Contributors --
Foreword --
Acknowledgments --
Introduction --
I.1 Book Structure --
References --
1 A Framework for Innovation in Emerging Markets --
1.1 Innovation: The Sine Qua Non of Growth and Development --
1.1.1 The National System of Innovation (NSI) --
1.1.2 Measuring Innovation Performance --
1.2 An Innovation Framework for Emerging Markets --
1.3 Part I: Drivers of Innovation in Emerging Markets --
1.3.1 Institutional Contexts and Governments --
1.3.2 Industry- and Firm-Level Drivers --
1.3.3 Society and Social Demands --
1.4 Part II: Types of Innovation in Emerging Markets --
1.4.1 Product and Process Innovation --
1.4.2 Business Model Innovation --
1.4.3 Organizational Innovation --
1.4.4 Frugal Innovation --
1.4.5 Reverse Innovation --
1.4.6 Social Innovation --
1.5 Part III: Innovation Outcomes in Emerging Markets --
1.6 From Copycats to Leaders --
References --
Part I Drivers of Innovation in Emerging Markets --
2 The Breadth and Extent of Chinese Innovation as Documented in the 2017 Corporate Innovation Survey --
2.1 Introduction --
2.2 Context of Chinese Enterprises' Innovation Activities --
2.3 Chinese Enterprises' Innovation by Industry --
2.3.1 Overall Situation --
2.3.2 Innovation in Manufacturing --
2.3.3 Innovation in the Service Industry --
2.4 Chinese Enterprises' Technology Innovation Strategies --
2.4.1 Independent Development of Technology Innovation Predominates among Chinese Enterprises --
2.4.2 The Most Important Expenditures for Corporate Innovation Are Machinery, Equipment, Software, and Internal Research and Development (R& --
D) --
2.4.3 The Main External Sources of Information for Corporate Innovation Are Clients and Intra-Industry Enterprises. 2.4.4 Upstream and Downstream Subjects Are the Main Cooperative Partners of Enterprises --
2.5 Factors Driving Innovation from the Perspective of Entrepreneurs --
2.6 Results and Impact of Chinese Enterprises' Innovation --
2.6.1 New Product Output --
2.6.2 Technological Capabilities --
2.6.3 Promoting Economic and Social Development --
2.7 Conclusions --
References --
3 The Rise of an Innovation Tiger: The Catch-Up of the Indian National System of Innovation --
3.1 Introduction --
3.2 Innovation Systems Catch-Up --
3.2.1 Innovation Systems --
3.2.2 Innovation Systems in Developing Countries and Their Catch-Up --
3.3 The Indian NSI --
3.3.1 India's Policy Changes and Innovation --
3.3.2 The Indian Wind Turbine Industry --
3.3.3 The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry --
3.3.4 The Indian Auto Components Industry --
3.4 Concluding Discussion --
3.4.1 Implications for Policy and Practice --
References --
4 Exploring the Role of Government Involvement in Innovation: The Case of State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) and INVAP --
4.1 Introduction --
4.2 State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) --
4.2.1 SGCC, a Major Chinese State-Owned Company --
4.2.2 Electricity as a Technology and Innovation Enabler --
4.2.3 Beyond China, Global Energy Interconnection (GEI) --
4.3 INVAP: The Argentine Jewel --
4.3.1 INVAP Innovation --
4.3.2 Governance --
4.4 INVAP, SGCC, and Beyond --
4.5 Can Emerging-Market SOEs Be Leading Innovators? --
References --
5 Digital Companies Driving Business Model Innovation in Emerging Markets: The Cases of Alibaba, Flipkart, Jumia, and Mercado Libre --
5.1 A Look at the World of Retail E-Commerce --
5.2 Alibaba's Rise to Become the World's Largest Retail and E-Commerce Company --
5.3 Flipkart and the Race to the Top of Indian E-Commerce --
5.3.1 Flipkart Innovates with Payment Methods --
5.3.2 E-Commerce Competitors Come to India. 5.3.3 Bumps on the Road: The Need for More Customization --
5.3.4 Moving Forward: Pressure from Amazon Will Lead to More Consolidation --
5.4 Africa's First Unicorn, Jumia --
5.4.1 E-Commerce Challenges in Africa --
5.4.2 Customer-Focused Model Helps Jumia Grow --
5.4.3 Moving Ahead in Africa --
5.5 Mercado Libre, the Latin American Leader --
5.5.1 Adjusting and Seeking New Business Opportunities --
5.5.2 Current Challenges and Perspectives Ahead --
5.6 The New E-Commerce Leaders from Emerging Markets --
References --
6 Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Innovation in the Balkans --
6.1 Introduction --
6.2 How Entrepreneurial Ecosystems Relate to National Systems of Innovation --
6.2.1 Institutions, Infrastructure, and Government Programs --
6.2.2 R& --
D Capabilities, Transfer Capabilities, and Universities --
6.2.3 Business Sophistication and Entrepreneurial Culture --
6.3 Data and Method: Why the Balkans? --
6.4 Brief Overview of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in the Balkans --
6.4.1 Institutions, Infrastructure, and Government Programs --
6.4.2 R& --
D Capabilities, Transfer Capabilities, and Universities --
6.4.3 Business Sophistication and Entrepreneurial Culture --
6.5 Conclusions --
References --
Part II Types of Innovation in Emerging Markets --
7 The Political Economy of China's R& --
D Internationalization: Policy-Led Innovation and Changes in China's Growth Model --
7.1 Introduction: Policies Matter in China's Development of Global Innovation --
7.2 A Historical Review of Global Chinese R& --
D Practices --
7.3 The Necessity of Transforming China's Growth Model --
7.3.1 The Shift of Growth Model --
7.3.2 ''Becoming Strong,'' Domestically and Internationally --
7.4 Domestic Upgrading: ''Indigenous Innovation'' and ''Made in China 2025'' --
7.4.1 The ''Indigenous Innovation'' Drive --
7.4.2 The ''Made in China 2025'' Program. 7.5 Outward Drive: ''Going Out'' and the ''Belt and Road Initiative'' --
7.5.1 The ''Going Out'' Strategy --
7.5.2 The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) --
7.6 Chinese R& --
D Internationalization at the Firm Level --
7.6.1 A Review of Pertinent Literature --
7.6.2 Scale and Extent of Chinese R& --
D Internationalization --
7.6.3 SOE versus POE Internationalization --
7.7 Counterreaction: Investment Screening Reform in the EU and the United States --
7.8 Conclusion --
References --
8 Emerging Pharmaceutical Companies from China, India, and Brazil: From Generic Drugs to Innovation Strategies --
8.1 Introduction --
8.2 Pharmaceutical Innovation and the New Role of Emerging Markets --
8.2.1 From Copycats to Leaders in the Pharmaceutical Value Chain --
8.3 Pharmaceutical Industry in China, India, and Brazil --
8.3.1 Chinese Pharmaceutical Market --
8.3.1.1 Players, Competition, and Capabilities in the Market --
8.3.1.2 Key Institutional Changes and Innovation --
8.3.2 Indian Pharmaceutical Market --
8.3.2.1 Players, Competition, and Capabilities in the Market --
8.3.2.2 Key Institutional Changes and Innovation --
8.3.3 Brazilian Pharmaceutical Market --
8.3.3.1 Players, Competition, and Capabilities in the Market --
8.3.3.2 Key Institutional Changes and Innovation --
8.4 Cases --
8.4.1 Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine --
8.4.2 Sun Pharma --
8.4.3 Eurofarma --
8.5 Conclusions --
References --
9 Reverse Innovation and the Role of Local Partners in Emerging Markets: The Experience of Foreign Subsidiaries in Brazil --
9.1 Introduction --
9.2 Reverse Innovation in EMs --
9.3 Methodology --
9.4 Results --
9.5 Analysis of Results --
9.6 Cases --
9.6.1 Case 1: 3M Brazil and Natura --
9.6.2 Case 2: Visa and Suplicy Cafés --
9.6.3 Case 3: Orisol and Artecola --
9.7 Conclusion --
References. 10 Innovation Based on Value Co-creation through Employees at HCL Technologies --
10.1 Introduction --
10.2 The Value Co-creation Framework --
10.3 Methods --
10.4 HCL Technologies --
10.4.1 The EFCS Management Philosophy --
10.4.2 Employee Well-Being --
10.4.3 Employee Empowerment --
10.4.4 Innovation through Value Co-creation --
10.5 Discussion and Conclusions --
References --
11 Frugal Innovation in Brazilian Multinationals --
11.1 Introduction --
11.2 Theoretical Background --
11.2.1 Frugal Innovation --
11.2.2 Aligning the Catch-up Strategy with Frugal Innovation --
11.3 Method --
11.4 Cases of Frugal Innovation in Brazilian Companies --
11.4.1 Natura: Frugal Innovation Pulled by Sustainable Innovation Strategy --
11.4.2 Nubank: Frugal Innovation Pulled by High Technology Catch-up Strategy --
11.5 Survey of Brazilian Multinationals --
11.6 Conclusion --
Appendix --
References --
12 Innovation in War and Peace: How Colombian Conflict and Postconflict Triggered Military and Business Model Innovation --
12.1 Introduction --
12.2 The Colombian Conflict in Brief --
12.3 Managerial Innovation in Warfare --
12.4 Peacebuilding and Business Model Innovation --
12.4.1 Bancolombia: Exploring Business Model Innovation --
12.4.2 Crepes & --
Waffles: Interdependency --
12.4.3 Postobón and CSR --
12.5 Conclusion and Implications --
References --
Part III Innovation Outcomes in Emerging Markets --
13 Evaluating Outcomes of Innovation in Emerging Markets --
13.1 Measuring Countries' Innovation Performance --
13.2 Emerging Countries in the Global Innovation Index (GII) --
13.3 Innovation Capabilities in Emerging Multinationals --
13.4 Going Beyond Traditional Indicators in Emerging Markets --
Appendix --
References --
Conclusions: Emerging Markets Becoming Innovation Leaders --
Index.